6a9c170432807fdbab87d0ad 10.31519/monography_1165 OIL AND GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY OIL AND GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY Пиковский Юрий Иосифович Pikovskiy Yuriy Iosifovich lummgu@mail.ru Исмаилов Нариман Мамедович Ismailov Nariman Mamedovich Дорохова Марина Феликсовна Dorokhova Marina Felixovna Московский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова Москва Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Институт Микробиологии Национальной Академии наук Баку Азербайджан Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences Baku Azerbaijan 27 06 2019 27 06 2019 978-1-4946-0014-3 978-1-4946-0015-0 Academus Publishing https://academuspub.com/en/nauka/publications/monography/6a9c170432807fdbab87d0ad/view

Книга посвящена фундаментальным проблемам взаимодействия углеводородов и биосферы. Углеводороды – это глобальное явление нашей планеты. В биосфере углеводороды вездесущи, а формы их проявлений многообразны. Углеводороды в форме нефти газа тысячелетиями поступали из недр на поверхность Земли во многих местах земного шара, но нет никаких свидетельств, что в ранние эпохи они были антагонистами биосферы. В древние времена человек воспринимал многочисленные выходы нефти как часть окружающей среды. Начиная с XIX века, потребность человечества в топливно-энергетических и химических ресурсах возрастала непрерывно. Нефть и углеводородный газ стали находить на всех обжитых континентах и под омывающими их морями. Экспансия углеводородов в биосферу постепенно вошла в противоречие с установившимися в природе экологическими равновесиями. Нефть, углеводородный газ, продукты их переработки стали оказывать повсеместное негативное влияние на компоненты окружающей среды. Глобальность этих процессов сделала нефтегазовую геоэкологию актуальной научной проблемой, затрагивающей все другие области экологии. Материал книги основан на многолетних оригинальных исследованиях авторов и данных современных научных источников. Ее первая часть посвящена общим чертам химического состава и токсичности углеродистых веществ – нефти, природного газа, твердых битумов, нефтепродуктов. Главное внимание уделено природным потокам углеводородов в биосфере. Рассматривается большой геохимический цикл углеводородов на Земле. Природные углеводороды и углеродистые вещества в целом участвуют в естественной эволюции биосферы, не принося ей вреда. Наиболее опасными для живой природы могут быть чрезмерное количество антропогенных выбросов этих веществ, а также присутствие токсичных соединений в их составе и в сопровождающих химических соединениях-спутниках. Во второй части книги показаны основные проявления нефтегазового техногенеза в окружающей среде и изменения среды, связанные с влиянием нефтегазового дела. В третьей части книги обсуждаются вопросы устойчивости природных систем к загрязнению нефтью и нефтепродуктами, потенциал компонентов окружающей среды к самовосстановлению, способы их очистки и рекультивации. В четвертой части рассматриваются методы диагностики, мониторинга и прогнозирования изменений окружающей среды, находящейся под влиянием нефтегазового техногенеза. Книга рассчитана на широкий круг читателей и учащихся, которым интересна экологическая роли нефти и газа в окружающей среде.

This book covers the fundamental problems of the interaction of hydrocarbons with biosphere. Hydrocarbons are the global phenomenon of our planet. In the biosphere, hydrocarbons are ubiquitous, and appear in a variety of forms. Hydrocarbons in the form of oil and gas have been released from Earth’s core to its surface for thousands of years, nevertheless, no evidence exists that in the early days hydrocarbons were antagonists of the biosphere. In ancient times, humans perceived numerous oil occurrences as part of the environment. Since the 20th century, the humanity’s demand for fuel and energy and chemical resources has grown continuously. Oil and hydrocarbon were found on all inhabited continents and under the surrounding seas more often. The expansion of hydrocarbons into the biosphere has gradually come into collision with the naturally established ecological balances. Oil, natural gas, and products of their processing have had a pervasive negative impact on the components of the environment. The global nature of these processes has made oil and gas environmental ecology a pressing scientific challenge, addressing all others areas of ecology. This book is based on long-term original researches of its authors and the information from modern scientific sources. The first part of the book deals with common features of carbonaceous substances chemical composition and toxicity - oil, natural gas, nature hard bitumen, and petroleum products. The main focus is on hydrocarbon natural flows in the biosphere. The Earth’s larger geochemical hydrocarbon cycle is considered. Natural hydrocarbons and carbonaceous substances in general are involved in the biosphere’s natural evolution without exposing it to any damage. The most dangerous for wild life are the exceeding amount of anthropogenic emissions of those substances as well as the presence of toxic compounds in its composition and in accompanying chemical compounds-associates. The second part of the book examines the main manifestations of petroleum anthropization in the environment and the change of the environment associated with the influence of petroleum engineering. The third part of the book discusses the issues of stability of the natural systems in case of pollution by oil and petroleum products, natural purification potential of environmental components, means for cleaning and remediation. The fourth part of the book discusses the methods for diagnostics, monitoring, and forecasting environmental changes caused by petroleum anthropization. This book targets a wide range of the readers and students who are interested in the ecological role of oil and gas in the environment.

 нефть нефтепродукты окружающая среда углеводороды техногенез загрязнение рекультивация почвы атмосфера поверхностные и подземные воды море oil petroleum products environment ecology hydrocarbons anthropization contamination remediation landscape geochemistry soil surface and groundwater sea atmosphere OIL AND GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ECOLOGY

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