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Воздействие глобального потепления и антропогенных факторов на водные организмы
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Воздействие глобального потепления и антропогенных факторов на водные организмы
ББК 26 Науки о Земле BISAC NAT010000 Ecology BISAC NAT045050 Ecosystems & Habitats / Coastal Regions & Shorelines BISAC NAT025000 Ecosystems & Habitats / Oceans & Seas BISAC NAT045030 Ecosystems & Habitats / Polar Regions BISAC SCI081000 Earth Sciences / Hydrology BISAC SCI092000 Global Warming & Climate Change BISAC SCI020000 Life Sciences / Ecology BISAC SCI039000 Life Sciences / Marine Biology BISAC SOC053000 Regional Studies BISAC TEC060000 Marine & Naval
Telat Yanik 1
Irfan Aslan 2
Авторы:
1.  Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
Россия
2.  Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
Россия
Тип:
Статья конференции
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5cebbc14abe349.69831818
Опубликовано:
06.01.2019
Классификаторы:
ББК 26 Науки о Земле
BISAC NAT010000 Ecology
BISAC NAT045050 Ecosystems & Habitats / Coastal Regions & Shorelines
BISAC NAT025000 Ecosystems & Habitats / Oceans & Seas
BISAC NAT045030 Ecosystems & Habitats / Polar Regions
BISAC SCI081000 Earth Sciences / Hydrology
BISAC SCI092000 Global Warming & Climate Change
BISAC SCI020000 Life Sciences / Ecology
BISAC SCI039000 Life Sciences / Marine Biology
BISAC SOC053000 Regional Studies
BISAC TEC060000 Marine & Naval
Язык материала:
английский
Ключевые слова:
глобальное потепление, изменение климата, биологическое разнообразие, антропогенные факторы
Аннотация и ключевые слова
Аннотация (русский):
На основе предположения многих исследователей, глобальное потепление и антропогенные факторы, такие как загрязнение окружающей среды, транспортировке и торговле, а также инвазионизму, lessepsianism, endangerism эффект негативно и будет продолжать действие Водного населения и их существование в экосистемах и связанных с ними местообитаний. Таким образом, можно констатировать, что потепление климата и антропогенные факторы, безусловно, приведут к вымиранию некоторых водных организмов, а также видов рыб в конечном итоге к 2080 или 2100 году. С учетом экономических последствий утраты некоторых видов рыб следует принять решение о создании новых районов рыболовства для удовлетворения текущих потребностей человека и пищевой промышленности. В данной работе с использованием данных различных докладов были рассмотрены последствия глобального потепления, природные и антропогенные факторы, влияющие на водную жизнь.

Ключевые слова:
глобальное потепление, изменение климата, биологическое разнообразие, антропогенные факторы
Текст
Introduction. Porter et al. [1] stated that in the last 50 years, it has been at accelerated rate for the loss of biodiversity due to human activities and some other factors such as habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change, and pollution. Negatively human activities [2] and the effect of climate changes on marine ecosystems bear many problems to be solved [3]. It is mentioned that marine diversity has been affected by pollution particularly from ship breaking and recycle industry pollutants, overproduction and incorrect disposal of pharmaceuticals and overfishing [4, 5]. Fishing reduces the age, size, and geographic diversity of populations and the biodiversity of marine ecosystems [6]. Disturbing of prey-predator balance causes extinction of the indigenous and newly introduced species and results biological pollution. Altaf et al., [7] related to the presence of 27,977 fish species with 515 families and 62 orders in the World. Transferring some of them on purpose for biological fight from one source to another creates some negative interactions. What if there has not been opening Suez channel, then where would these lesseptian species would migrate? Who is the responsible in this case man? or global warming? The present report summarises sources, factors, mechanisms of climate change, investigates interactions of global warming with anthropogenic activities and possible remedial measures of all of these challenges on biodiversity of aquatic organisms Natural and anthropogenic factors affecting aquatic life. Aquatic ecosystems, particularly nutrient and carbon cycles may be effected by climate changes together with increasing deposition of woody debris from human activities, and alteration of environmental factors such as water pollution, and dam building. Pharmaceuticals are an important pollution source, mostly due to overproduction and incorrect disposal. Ship breaking and recycle industries [SBRIs] can also release various pollutants and substantially deteriorate habitats and marine biodiversity. Overfishing is significantly increasing due to the global food crisis, caused by an increasing world population. Organic matter (OM) pollution and global warming (GW) are key factors that exacerbate these challenges (e.g. algal blooms), to which acidification in marine waters should be added as well. It was reported that changes in environmental factors effected negatively freshwater lignicolous fungi in Asian/Australian region [8]. Introductions of non-native species have been accepted as major threats to ecosystem function and biodiversity. It is reported that geothermal areas may provide an ecological passage for aquatic organism to response global warming [9]. In marine habitats, fish movements will continue based on their temperature preferences. For example, eurybiontic species have the ability to tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions than typical Arctic inhabitants and will gain advantages in development [10]. Janssens et al. [11] mentioned that the major factors for aquatic biodiversity were global warming and pesticide pollution. They reported that larval pesticide stress and adult heat stress interacted across metamorphosis, and sensitivity to pesticides may be graded by intraspecific evolution along natural thermal gradients. A connection was described between genetic structure and climate change and habitat disruptions by using a modified landscape genetics approach in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) living large connected ecosystems and isolated relict populations with advising using this data for further climate change impacts [12]. Pilas and Planinsek [13] advised that the re-establishment of the water regime of lowland forests may reduce the impact of climate change in the future. To reduce negative impacts of anthropogenic alternations in the groundwater regime from the past and to attenuate slow down future very possible prolongation of droughts and water scarcity in the lowlands, various forest managerial and engineering practices should be applied. Verberk et al. [14] reported that one of the main causes of the decline of freshwater biodiversity was considered as biological invasions caused by climate change [15]. With the assumption of increases in global temperatures alter geographical distributions of native and invasive species, they used «killer shrimp» Dikerogammarus villosus as invider and native Gammarus pulex, and found that the invader was more vulnerable to high temperatures than G. pulex showing that global warming was less favorable to the invasive species. Kolicka et al. [16] reported native and alien Rotifera, Copepoda, Polychaeta, Acari and Insecta larvae in greenhouses of Poznan in Poland. Global warming has been demonstrated to contribute to the increase of hypoxic conditions driven by climatic factors, such as river discharge and air temperature proven by statistical modeling [17]. It is predicted that there will be a loss of suitable habitat in northern inland distribution and increase in coastal habitats of salt marsh morning glory (Ipomoea sagittata) in the Gulf of Mexico by the year of 2080 [18]. Conclusion. Global climate change has major effects on wetlands and ecosystems. Ashraf et al. [19] recommended that worldwide attentions should continue to conserve the threatened ecosystems and their related biodiversity as the risks still valid for habitat degradation by polluting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, emitting air pollutants resulting in acid rains, ozone layer depletion, global warming, heavy metal contamination and eutrophication of water bodies. Although guidelines and legislative proposals have been prepared to reduce the effects of climate change, how endangered species will be effected? by such activities have still unknown. Therefore, further studies are required at different species and various regions in the World
Список литературы

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11. Janssens, L., Dinh Van, K., Stoks, R., 2014. Extreme temperatures in the adult stage shape delayed effects of larval pesticide stress: A comparison between latitudes. Aquatic Toxicology. 148: 74-82.

12. Sepulveda-Villet, OJ., Stepien, CA., 2012. Waterscape genetics of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens): patterns across large connected ecosystems and isolated relict populations. Molecular Ecology. 21: 5795- 5826.

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15. Maazouzi, C., Piscart, C., Legier F., Hervant, F., 2011. Ecophysiological responses to temperature of the «killer shrimp» Dikerogammarus villosus: Is the invader really stronger than the native Gammarus pulex. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 159: 268-274. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.03.019.

16. Kolicka, M., Dziuba, MK., Zawierucha, K., Kuczynska-Kippen, N., Kotwicki, L., 2015. Palm house - biodiversity hotspot or risk of invasion? Aquatic invertebrates: The special case of Monogononta (Rotifera) under greenhouse conditions. Biologia. 70: 94-103. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2015-0012.

17. Jenny, JP., Arnaud, F., Alric, B., Dorioz, JM., Sabatier, P., Meybeck, M., Perga, ME., 2014. Inherited hypoxia: A new challenge for reoligotrophicated lakes under global warming. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 28: 1413-1423.

18. Huerta-Ramos, G., Moreno-Casasola, P., Sosa, V., 2015. Wetland Conservation in the Gulf of Mexico: The Example of the Salt Marsh Morning Glory, Ipomoea sagittata Wetlands. 35: 709-721.

19. Ashraf, M., Hussain, M., Ahmad, MSA., Al-Qurainy, F., Hameed, M., 2012. Strategies for Conservation of Endangered Ecosystems. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 44: 1-6.

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